Prepare vegetables: Cut potatoes, zucchini, eggplant (partially peeled), bell pepper, onions, and tomatoes into cubes or pieces as described. Salt the eggplant and set aside to release water.
Fry potatoes: Heat vegetable oil in a frying pan. Fry potatoes until they take on some color and are about three-quarters cooked. Remove and set aside.
Fry zucchini: In the same pan, fry zucchini until they take on a pink color and are three-quarters cooked. Remove and set aside with potatoes.
Fry eggplant: Fry eggplant pieces until they reach a golden color. Remove and set aside with potatoes and zucchini.
Cook onions and peppers: Add onions and bell peppers to the pan. Stir continuously until onions separate and take on a desired cooked color and consistency.
Add tomato paste and season: Add tomato paste to the onions and peppers, stir well. Add a pinch of salt to season.
Add fresh tomatoes: Add the chopped tomatoes to the pan, stir, reduce heat to medium, cover, and cook until tomatoes thicken and release their water (about 5 minutes).
Add water and simmer: Add about one cup of water, cover, and cook for about 3 minutes on low heat.
Prepare garlic and mint: Crush garlic cloves with a pinch of salt to make about one tablespoon. Mix with dried mint.
Add garlic, mint, and cayenne: Add the crushed garlic and mint mixture to the pan. Add a small pinch of cayenne pepper if desired. Stir well.
Combine fried vegetables: Add the fried potatoes, zucchini, and eggplant to the pan. Mix everything well.
Simmer to finish cooking: Cover the pan and cook until the potatoes are fully cooked and all flavors meld together. Add a little water if the dish seems dry.
Final check and serve: Check that potatoes are cooked and the stew is flavorful. Turn off heat and serve hot, optionally with bread.